Innovation Alphabet

Circular Economy

In a nutshell

Circular economy is a concept introduced by the Ellen MacArthur Foundationone of the latest challenges for managers in terms of sustainability. It is a new model of production and consumption capable of self-regeneration because it is based on imitating natural cycles that transform waste: products are designed to be reused, regenerated, and recycled. A system that requires, first and foremost, a cultural change.

An electric charging station as the Circular Economy quickcard header image An electric charging station as the Circular Economy quickcard header image
Application Fields
The butterfly diagram illustrates the continuous flow of materials in a circular economy – source: Ellen MacArthur Foundation

Inside cities: Circular economy can be applied from an urban perspective so that buildings are used for energy and food production through the reuse of biological resources, such as wastewater and food destined for disposal.

• Sharing economy: Through this type of business, products are no longer purchased, but rented for temporary use by multiple users through pay-per-use contracts. The sectors in which the application of the sharing economy has been most successful are the transportation market (sharing mobility), computing devices, and music and movie streaming.

• New technologies: The circular economy is leading to the development of renewable sources. The resources mainly adopted in the new economic paradigm are Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Green Energy.

Circular Economy Phases Diagram

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Industries

Circular Economy in the cosmetics industry
Poliphenolia, a cosmetics company from Treviso, has adopted circular economy for the production of cosmeceutical products. The introduction of recycled materials into the economic cycle occurs through the extraction of polyphenols from grape pomace. When applied within facial creams, they bring clear benefits to skin health.

Circular Economy application in the energy industry
The Chinese city of Shenzhen, to reduce air pollution, has introduced a pilot program that encourages the development of the local electric vehicle industry. Vehicle electrification is an important step in enabling the transition to low-carbon renewable energy. The adoption of new types of service also incentivizes manufacturers to design vehicle components that remain in use for as long as possible, preserving their value and thus shaping the idea of the circular economy. Shenzen was the first city in the world to achieve the totality of buses powered through electricity.

Circular Economy in the clothing industry
Circos is an online store that has introduced a subscription rental service for clothing for children and expectant mothers. Members pay a monthly fee to access a range of high-quality clothes including several branded items. The clothes are then returned, cleaned, and reused; alternatively, worn clothing is recycled. Through this model, environmental impact and resource use are reduced and clothing companies are incentivized to produce higher quality, durable clothing. In the first two years of life, a child needs an average of 280 pieces of clothing, most of which are worn for only two or three months. Renting rather than buying saves time, money and space, as “the wardrobe can grow with the family”.

Business Functions

Circular Economy in support of marketing
Milan-based startup Anagramma is an online platform that alerts a user about expiring products sold by supermarkets at a discounted price. The notifications are based on the user’s proximity to the supermarket, using a variety of digital marketing tools. This business model is an example of a promotional activity that panders to the goal of extending product life cycles and preventing waste. An offshoot of the circular economy.

Circular economy in support of HR
Attempting to solve problems such as growing e-waste production and digital exclusion in low-income communities, the government of the Brazilian city Belo Horizonte has established a facility to approach electronic remanufacturing: the Computer Reconditioning Center (CRC). Disadvantaged citizens receive in-depth training on restoring computer equipment from the service. The project funds more than 300 “digital inclusion sites”, where citizens have free access to computers and the internet, as well as the opportunity to train in basic digital literacy. The remanufacturing of electronic tools is part of a path toward a low-carbon circular economy.

Circular economy in support of management
DLL is a company that provides ambulances in the UK national health system. It embraced the circular economy in order to double the life cycle of its ambulances. The first step was to try to identify why ambulances were being returned after a few years. The main problem was high maintenance costs, particularly for chassis components. The rear end, on the other hand, was often in perfect condition. As a result, DLL planned to refit the ambulances by going to place the most valuable part of the ambulance – the rear part – on a new chassis. As a result, investment costs for the end customer decreased and the ambulance’s back frame gained a longer service life.

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3D Printing

3D Printing

“3D printing” is a process carried out by an electronic device which, instead of resorting to the canonical ink, it molds almost any kind of material: from concrete to living tissue, most usually plastic, but also metal. And the operating principle is similar to that of a traditional printer. The creation of three-dimensional models can lead to the redesign of a company’s production capabilities.

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5G

5G

5G is the new frontier of cellular telephony. It was designed to improve (or completely replace) previous generations of mobile networks. The 5th generation features lower latency, ensuring flawless performance of business applications and many other digital experiences – thus enabling the new cultural generations to furiously play Fortnite away from home.

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Advanced Analytics

Advanced Analytics

The term “Advanced Analytics” refers to the ability to autonomously or semi-autonomously analyze data and content to identify correlations, develop analyses, predictions, and recommendations. It is not just a matter of collecting information and then organizing it into watertight compartments: the ultimate goal is to identify a dialogue pattern from a data-driven perspective.

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Agile

Agile

Agile is an approach to software development designed to respond to change. Teams quickly analyze the context in which they operate, identify uncertainties faced, and figure out how to adapt to always move forward. Interaction between individuals comes before processes and tools; collaboration with the customer is more important than negotiating contracts.

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Ansoff Matrix

Ansoff Matrix

The Ansoff Matrix is a marketing planning model that arises from the intersection of new and existing products and markets. It derives four possible strategies for expanding the company’s market, which are built around four variables with a changeable factor of risks and possibilities: existing product, new product, existing market, new market.

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Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is not strictly defined. Basically, it is a computer system able to make decisions in an independent and flexible way. A good AI application can perform everyday tasks better than an average person (e.g., identifying other people from their photos on social media or beating the best chess player). Nothing to fear, then. Unless you are a chess champion.

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Artificial Scarcity

Artificial Scarcity

We often tend to desire what we cannot have. Or what we are in danger of losing: Artificial Scarcity is a strategy that flaunts a limited number of items that do not correspond to actual availability. The goal is to stimulate the perception in consumers that the stock of items is about to run out and thus create a need based on the “fear of being cut off” or the intention to buy the item in order to resell it at a higher price.

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Attack Surface

Attack Surface

The term attack surface refers to the part of a system that may be subject to attack or breach by hackers. The smaller that surface is, the easier it will be to protect it. Indeed, the Internet is an ocean of deep, dark waters: those who navigate it must be aware that they are exposing themselves to a flood of digital risks. Yet, ironically, we do not need a big boat to shelter us.

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Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality is an ever-evolving technology that overlays multimedia information on top of our common sensory horizon to gain a deeper understanding of our surroundings. No, it doesn’t allow you to step out of the Matrix dream simulation, nor can it be accessed by swallowing a red pill. But neither is it the disturbing experience of the Playtest episode of Black Mirror.

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Balanced Scorecard

Balanced Scorecard

In business, as in life, you need balance. The Balanced Scorecard is a holistic tool for strategic management. It offers, in fact, the possibility of assessing corporate performance in its wholeness. An overview that embraces four perspectives: the business/financial side, customers and stakeholders, internal processes, and learning and growth.

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